Nutrient and water neutrality: The impact of environmental protections on housing supply

Nutrient and water neutrality
The LGA commissioned Residential Analysts and Canal Street Research to investigate the potential impact of environmental protections on new housing delivery.

Introduction

The LGA highlights that there is an underlying tension between national ambitions for high standards of environment protection and rapid housing growth.

Environmental law designed to protect fragile natural habitats has stopped all planning decisions on new development in certain river catchment areas, having a range of impacts on councils’ ambitions for places and communities. It is also a challenge to local plan led development.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the potential impact of these advice areas on new housing delivery to provide some evidence for the total number of new homes that could be affected.

The research is wholly backwards looking and past performance is not necessarily reflective of what will happen in the future, and it does not factor for instances where mitigation measures have enabled some development to take place. Therefore this analysis should be supplemented by further research investigating the location of future housing supply relative to the advice areas.

Methodology

The number of Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) on new build properties have proved a useful leading indicator for net additional supply in recent years.

The chart (fig 1) below highlights the relationship between EPCs and net additional supply across England with this relationship also holding at local authority level – for example, see our Housing Supply by LA charts on BuiltPlace.

DLUHC now release EPC records for individual properties and so we can use this data to investigate trends in bespoke areas rather than just by local authority.

Relationship between EPCs and net additional dwellings across England
Fig 1: Relationship between EPCs and net additional dwellings across England​​​​​
Date DLUHC Indicators of new supply: Completions New Build Energy Performance Certificates DLUHC Net additional dwellings: Completions DLUHC Net additional dwellings: Net change
Q1 2001 133,250     132,000
Q2 2001 129,880      
Q3 2001 129,920      
Q4 2001 129,500      
Q1 2002 129,860     146,700
Q2 2002 132,520      
Q3 2002 132,950      
Q4 2002 136,800      
Q1 2003 137,740     159,870
Q2 2003 139,130      
Q3 2003 140,550      
Q4 2003 144,060      
Q1 2004 143,960     170,970
Q2 2004 147,870      
Q3 2004 153,610      
Q4 2004 154,070      
Q1 2005 155,890     185,550
Q2 2005 157,450      
Q3 2005 155,470      
Q4 2005 159,450      
Q1 2006 163,400     202,650
Q2 2006 165,730      
Q3 2006 165,470      
Q4 2006 160,860      
Q1 2007 167,680   193,080 214,940
Q2 2007 168,120      
Q3 2007 169,810      
Q4 2007 176,640      
Q1 2008 170,610   200,300 223,530
Q2 2008 165,520      
Q3 2008 159,400      
Q4 2008 148,010      
Q1 2009 140,990   157,630 182,770
Q2 2009 134,120      
Q3 2009 130,210 161,452    
Q4 2009 124,980 138,052    
Q1 2010 119,920 129,220 124,200 144,870
Q2 2010 116,170 124,098    
Q3 2010 111,490 122,495    
Q4 2010 106,730 119,108    
Q1 2011 107,890 124,003 117,700 137,390
Q2 2011 109,470 128,960    
Q3 2011 109,830 133,259    
Q4 2011 114,030 138,861    
Q1 2012 118,510 143,409 128,160 134,900
Q2 2012 118,580 144,306    
Q3 2012 118,350 142,265    
Q4 2012 115,590 137,912    
Q1 2013 107,980 130,167 118,540 124,720
Q2 2013 106,960 128,671    
Q3 2013 108,270 128,456    
Q4 2013 109,450 133,897    
Q1 2014 112,330 137,432 130,340 136,610
Q2 2014 114,070 141,709    
Q3 2014 115,730 147,167    
Q4 2014 117,820 152,105    
Q1 2015 124,650 167,184 155,080 170,690
Q2 2015 131,430 177,967    
Q3 2015 135,850 187,396    
Q4 2015 142,480 194,148    
Q1 2016 139,720 191,799 163,940 189,650
Q2 2016 138,850 198,198    
Q3 2016 142,490 204,325    
Q4 2016 141,880 210,474    
Q1 2017 147,520 214,090 183,570 217,350
Q2 2017 153,420 213,382    
Q3 2017 154,590 214,478    
Q4 2017 162,470 218,289    
Q1 2018 160,900 221,683 195,390 222,280
Q2 2018 161,220 231,037    
Q3 2018 162,900 236,554    
Q4 2018 165,490 244,319    
Q1 2019 169,060 249,921 214,413 241,877
Q2 2019 172,890 251,818    
Q3 2019 177,030 254,520    
Q4 2019 177,880 255,206    
Q1 2020 175,340 254,718 219,120 242,702
Q2 2020 145,670 217,066    
Q3 2020 145,100 218,407    
Q4 2020 147,890 215,402    
Q1 2021 155,950 220,726 194,063 216,489
Q2 2021 183,430 252,051    
Q3 2021 182,380 247,934    
Q4 2021 175,390 243,775    

Table: Relationship between EPCs and net additional dwellings across England (data for fig 1)

DLUHC have just started publishing UPRNs alongside each EPC record. Using these records alongside ONS lookups allow us to map new build to exact locations (fig 2, below).

However, the match rate for new build is not great in recent periods given the challenges in matching newly created addresses.

Therefore we have used UPRNs where available but then matched against full postcode when not.

For 2021 this resulted in:

  • UPRN matched: 35 per cent
  • Postcode matched: 63 per cent
  • Unmatched: 2 per cent

Mapping new builds to locations
Fig 2: Mapping new builds to location
Date UPRN matched Postcode matched Unmatched
Oct-08 4,191 679 17
Nov-08 14,964 2,817 47
Dec-08 14,429 2,002 53
Jan-09 10,097 1,821 49
Feb-09 10,406 2,013 54
Mar-09 11,707 1,957 40
Apr-09 9,458 1,785 5
May-09 10,405 1,619 15
Jun-09 11,669 2,188 35
Jul-09 8,871 2,838 43
Aug-09 7,398 1,737 22
Sep-09 9,668 1,769 33
Oct-09 11,157 1,686 15
Nov-09 12,406 1,361 25
Dec-09 8,141 1,153 45
Jan-10 6,301 1,040 15
Feb-10 7,447 1,549 51
Mar-10 10,133 1,653 37
Apr-10 8,453 1,268 19
May-10 8,633 1,154 13
Jun-10 10,470 832 32
Jul-10 8,407 744 29
Aug-10 9,052 570 8
Sep-10 10,124 1,081 14
Oct-10 10,096 1,119 14
Nov-10 11,909 955 2
Dec-10 7,928 462  
Jan-11 7,636 687 11
Feb-11 10,076 740 2
Mar-11 12,607 939 2
Apr-11 9,180 647 5
May-11 11,832 626 12
Jun-11 13,183 655 17
Jul-11 9,953 1,471 3
Aug-11 9,514 1,164 16
Sep-11 11,396 1,057 3
Oct-11 11,513 835 14
Nov-11 13,677 885 37
Dec-11 9,064 1,452 26
Jan-12 8,668 632 8
Feb-12 11,187 850 7
Mar-12 14,301 1,139 13
Apr-12 9,009 696 21
May-12 12,598 1,223 48
Jun-12 11,943 917 7
Jul-12 9,926 794 24
Aug-12 9,388 1,002 8
Sep-12 9,567 624 3
Oct-12 10,964 1,013 12
Nov-12 12,183 737 33
Dec-12 7,715 467 26
Jan-13 7,707 559 11
Feb-13 9,410 637 11
Mar-13 10,351 711 20
Apr-13 9,837 706 77
May-13 10,357 685 14
Jun-13 12,752 514 12
Jul-13 9,914 971 6
Aug-13 9,211 1,091 15
Sep-13 9,802 750 5
Oct-13 12,015 956 9
Nov-13 13,165 686 25
Dec-13 9,671 749 10
Jan-14 8,299 545 1
Feb-14 9,770 747 6
Mar-14 12,235 778 31
Apr-14 9,892 584 7
May-14 11,764 902  
Jun-14 15,811 1,011 7
Jul-14 11,916 1,110 32
Aug-14 10,792 960 10
Sep-14 13,148 950 11
Oct-14 14,420 1,126 8
Nov-14 14,780 868  
Dec-14 13,321 715 8
Jan-15 11,140 786 2
Feb-15 13,701 981 9
Mar-15 20,988 1,546 1
Apr-15 14,459 1,117 5
May-15 14,229 800  
Jun-15 19,894 1,460 22
Jul-15 14,940 1,324 138
Aug-15 12,848 1,587 145
Sep-15 15,729 1,447 11
Oct-15 15,180 1,129 20
Nov-15 17,358 1,121 3
Dec-15 14,572 1,326 71
Jan-16 11,121 1,108 3
Feb-16 14,254 1,136 4
Mar-16 17,444 1,361 15
Apr-16 16,024 1,450 4
May-16 17,066 1,319 71
Jun-16 19,985 1,504 1
Jul-16 14,740 1,474 209
Aug-16 15,601 1,187 2
Sep-16 18,315 2,039 3
Oct-16 16,195 1,466 11
Nov-16 21,106 1,045 5
Dec-16 14,837 1,825 7
Jan-17 11,255 1,306 16
Feb-17 14,501 1,225 52
Mar-17 20,094 1,849 27
Apr-17 14,160 974 1
May-17 18,411 1,222 3
Jun-17 20,996 1,149 12
Jul-17 15,715 1,632 8
Aug-17 16,038 1,559 10
Sep-17 17,756 2,004 2
Oct-17 19,303 1,507 5
Nov-17 22,131 1,686 10
Dec-17 14,690 1,692 5
Jan-18 13,961 1,438 4
Feb-18 15,388 1,277 6
Mar-18 19,907 1,330 9
Apr-18 17,843 1,280 5
May-18 20,213 1,229  
Jun-18 22,651 1,784 18
Jul-18 17,090 1,832 20
Aug-18 17,954 2,390 5
Sep-18 17,752 2,030 3
Oct-18 21,859 2,289 17
Nov-18 23,907 3,420 6
Dec-18 16,093 1,784 12
Jan-19 14,655 1,791 7
Feb-19 17,624 2,073  
Mar-19 20,548 2,205 19
Apr-19 17,105 2,277 30
May-19 19,530 2,490 25
Jun-19 21,461 1,856 21
Jul-19 18,375 1,847 51
Aug-19 16,056 2,104 5
Sep-19 18,157 2,482 11
Oct-19 20,733 2,602 2
Nov-19 22,235 2,812  
Dec-19 15,325 1,880 6
Jan-20 13,535 2,463 4
Feb-20 14,401 2,662 9
Mar-20 17,513 3,433 2
Apr-20 3,767 1,170  
May-20 5,914 1,340 8
Jun-20 12,669 3,171 16
Jul-20 15,914 3,556 74
Aug-20 14,566 2,871 7
Sep-20 15,501 6,589 33
Oct-20 12,678 9,037 122
Nov-20 12,548 9,735 70
Dec-20 8,510 8,097 127
Jan-21 7,388 7,231 92
Feb-21 10,885 8,681 151
Mar-21 13,420 10,905 86
Apr-21 7,611 9,782 61
May-21 5,917 11,258 75
Jun-21 5,822 15,277 156
Jul-21 4,540 12,184 261
Aug-21 4,324 12,323 246
Sep-21 5,580 15,254 453
Oct-21 4,179 12,455 855
Nov-21 4,976 14,686 1,495
Dec-21 3,225 11,281 1,034

Table: Mapping new builds to location (data for fig 2)

The map below (fig 3) shows patterns in new housing supply across Ashford district. Please note that the map does not show the scale of delivery in different locations as there may be multiple homes in a single location (e.g. flats or houses mapped to postcode).

The Stodmarsh SAC/Ramsar advice area is then highlighted in grey.

New build locations falling within the advice area are highlighted in red while those outside are in yellow.

Patterns in new housing supply across Ashford district
Fig 3: Patterns in new housing supply across Ashford district

Headline results

Our initial analysis identifies the number of new build EPCs in each advice area over the last ten years (see fig 4, below).

The results vary in scale from over 45,000 homes during the ten year period in the Solent* advice area to just 2 homes over the period in the West Midlands Mosses SAC.

(*Solent includes: Chichester and Langstone Harbours SPA/Ramsar, Solent and Southampton Water SPA/Ramsar, Solent Maritime SAC, Solent and Dorset Coast SPA, Solent and Isle of Wight Lagoon SAC, Portsmouth Harbour SPA/Ramsar)

Number of new build EPCs in advice area over last decade
Fig 4: Number of new build EPCs in advice area over last decade
Location Total new build APCs: 2012-2021
West Midlands Mosses SAC (Wynbunbury Moss) 2
Rostherne Mere Ramsar 10
Esthwaite Water Ramsar 14
Lindisfarne SPA/Ramsar 73
Oak Mere SAC 78
Chesil and the Fleet SAC/Ramsar/SPA 127
River Clun SAC 143
Hornsea Mere SPA 248
River Derwent & Bassenthwaite Lake SAC 332
River Lambourn SAC 509
Peak District Dales SAC 599
River Kent SAC 1,113
River Axe SAC 1,134
River Camel SAC 1,531
River Lugg 2,119
River Wensum SAC 2,224
River Mease SAC 3,247
River Itchen SAC 5,259
Poole Harbour SPA/Ramsar 5,494
River Eden SAC 6,002
Stodmarsh SAC/Ramsar 7,453
River Avon SAC 9,745
The Broads SAC 16,079
Somerset Levels & Moors Ramsar 16,900
Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA/Ramsar 22,463
Solent* 45,153

Table: Number of new build EPCs in advice area over last decade (data for fig 4)

In aggregate, there were 15,700 EPCs on new homes in advice areas during 2021, slightly down from the 18,300 recorded in 2018 and the 17,900 recorded in 2019 (see fig 5, below).

Number of new build EPCs in advice areas (aggregate)
Fig 5: Number of new build EPCs in advice areas (aggregate)

EPCs in Advice Areas

2009 11,521
2010 10,558
2011 11,190
2012 11,244
2013 10,006
2014 12,612
2015 15,786
2016 16,068
2017 16,745
2018 18,299
2019 17,880
2020 13,740
2021 15,671

 

When compared to total delivery across England, these homes accounted for around 7 per cent of new build EPCs in recent years (fig 6, below).

Per cent of new build EPCs in advice areas
Fig 6: Per cent of new build EPCs in advice areas

EPCs in Advice Areas

2009 8.02%
2010 8.68%
2011 7.94%
2012 8.16%
2013 7.50%
2014 8.06%
2015 7.89%
2016 7.51%
2017 7.51%
2018 7.41%
2019 7.20%
2020 6.80%
2021 6.99%

Regional results

The regional impact of the advice areas is inevitably varied (see fig 7). The North East is the worst affected region with 29 per cent of recent new housing delivery falling with advice areas while 16 per cent of delivery in both the South West and South East is covered.

Meanwhile, the East of England (7 per cent) figure is similar to the national rate while the two Midlands regions are relatively unaffected at 2 per cent.

Percent of new build EPCs covered by advice area (regional results)
Fig 7: Percent of new build EPCs covered by advice area (regional)

The chart below (fig 8) shows the underlying data used to calculate the percentage data shown in the previous slide and highlights the relative differences in new home delivery across regions.

While the North East has the highest proportion of delivery falling within advice areas, it is the smallest region with the lowest overall housing delivery. Therefore it has a minimal impact of headline national figures.

Relative differences in new home delivery across regions
Fig 8: Relative differences in new home delivery across regions
Location Not covered by catchments Covered by catchments
North

East
6,005 2,465
South

West
18,979 3,545
South

East
33,118 6,081
East of England 24,100 1,879
North

West
28,162 863
East Midlands 17,892 443
West Midlands 19,715 298
Yorkshire and The Humber 16,298 94
London 36,423 0

Table: Relative differences in new home delivery across regions (data for fig 8)

Local authority district results

While around 7 per cent of new homes nationally fall into the advice areas, the impact on some local authorities is much more severe.

14 local authority districts have an advice area covering 99 per cent or more of their new housing delivered in the last three years. (see fig 9).

A further five have 89 per cent to 99 per cent of their new housing delivered in an advice area.

Per cent of new build EPCs covered by advice area (LA district results)
Fig 9: Per cent of new build EPCs covered by advice area (LA district results)
Location Per cent of new build EPCs covered by advice area
Fareham 100%
Portsmouth 100%
Test Valley 100%
Southampton 100%
Winchester 100%
Hartlepool 100%
Eastleigh 100%
Middlesbrough 100%
Norwich 99%
Eden 99%
Stockton-on-Tees 99%
Darlington 99%
Gosport 99%
Havant 99%
Isle of Wight 96%
New Forest 95%
South Somerset 94%
Broadland 92%
Somerset West and Taunton 90%
Carlisle 89%
Mendip 69%
Ashford 69%
Redcar and Cleveland 66%
South Norfolk 64%
Chichester 56%
North Norfolk 47%
Canterbury 44%
Wiltshire 41%
North West Leicestershire 37%
Sedgemoor 34%
High Peak 33%
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole 33%
Dorset 32%
Herefordshire, County of 30%
Basingstoke and Deane 28%
South Lakeland 27%
Breckland 24%
Great Yarmouth 24%
County Durham 19%
West Berkshire 14%
Hambleton 14%
Folkestone and Hythe 13%
East Hampshire 11%
Allerdale 10%
South Derbyshire 9%
East Devon 8%
Richmondshire 8%
Cornwall 7%
Derbyshire Dales 5%
Dover 2%
North Warwickshire 2%
King's Lynn and West Norfolk 2%
Lichfield 2%
Shropshire 1%
Maidstone 1%
Northumberland 1%
Copeland 1%
East Riding of Yorkshire 1%
Cheshire West and Chester 0%
Hinckley and Bosworth 0%
Malvern Hills 0%
Cheshire East 0%

Table: Per cent of new build EPCs covered by advice area  LA district results (data for fig 9)

The chart below (fig 10) shows the underlying data used to calculate the percentage data shown in the previous slide and highlights the relative differences in new home delivery.

For example, while only 41 per cent of new homes in Wiltshire were within advice areas, the size of the district means that it has the largest number of new homes within an advice area.

Relative differences in new home delivery (district results)
Fig 10: Relative differences in new home delivery (LA district results)
Location Not covered by catchments Covered by catchments
Fareham 0 216
Portsmouth 0 253
Test Valley 0 579
Southampton 0 529
Winchester 1 852
Hartlepool 1 191
Eastleigh 3 755
Middlesbrough 2 494
Norwich 3 438
Eden 2 303
Stockton-on-Tees 6 726
Darlington 4 481
Gosport 1 134
Havant 3 280
Isle of Wight 16 362
New Forest 15 294
South Somerset 42 701
Broadland 48 538
Somerset West and Taunton 45 429
Carlisle 57 451
Mendip 122 275
Ashford 248 557
Redcar and Cleveland 118 229
South Norfolk 265 470
Chichester 287 372
North Norfolk 230 207
Canterbury 306 236
Wiltshire 1,423 986
North West Leicestershire 444 265
Sedgemoor 360 185
High Peak 173 85
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole 629 308
Dorset 851 403
Herefordshire, County of 606 261
Basingstoke and Deane 1,132 434
South Lakeland 203 75
Breckland 439 139
Great Yarmouth 249 78
County Durham 1,393 327
West Berkshire 545 90
Hambleton 495 81
Folkestone and Hythe 288 42
East Hampshire 551 71
Allerdale 240 26
South Derbyshire 820 77
East Devon 703 63
Richmondshire 54 5
Cornwall 2,638 195
Derbyshire Dales 320 15
Dover 411 8
North Warwickshire 386 7
King's Lynn and West Norfolk 517 9
Lichfield 577 9
Shropshire 1,425 21
Maidstone 1,256 18
Northumberland 1,548 16
Copeland 132 1
East Riding of Yorkshire 1,483 8
Cheshire West and Chester 1,427 6
Hinckley and Bosworth 255 0
Malvern Hills 455 0
Cheshire East 2,647 1

Table: Relative differences in new home delivery – LA district results (data for fig 10)

The chart below (fig 11) shows an example for Ashford local authority.

It is worth noting that there are some small differences between the number of EPCs in the quarterly summary data published by DLUHC and the individual records used here. This chart is based wholly on the individual records.

The chart firstly shows the relationship between total EPCs (yellow line) and the DLUHC net additional dwellings data (blue line). The number of EPCs falling within the advice area is shown by the purple line.

Recent years have seen a lower proportion of homes delivered in the advice area.

  • 2017: 93 per cent
  • 2019: 65 per cent
  • 2021: 66 per cent

Dwellings per year
Fig 11: Relationship between EPCs (Ashford local authority)
Date New Build EPCs Net additional dwellings EPCs in Advice Area
Q1 2002   826  
Q2 2002      
Q3 2002      
Q4 2002      
Q1 2003   773  
Q2 2003      
Q3 2003      
Q4 2003      
Q1 2004   764  
Q2 2004      
Q3 2004      
Q4 2004      
Q1 2005   1,018  
Q2 2005      
Q3 2005      
Q4 2005      
Q1 2006   646  
Q2 2006      
Q3 2006      
Q4 2006      
Q1 2007   415  
Q2 2007      
Q3 2007      
Q4 2007      
Q1 2008   622  
Q2 2008      
Q3 2008      
Q4 2008      
Q1 2009   591  
Q2 2009      
Q3 2009 461   441
Q4 2009 467   443
Q1 2010 525 557 456
Q2 2010 597   530
Q3 2010 610   552
Q4 2010 700   642
Q1 2011 673 611 657
Q2 2011 707   689
Q3 2011 709   684
Q4 2011 687   650
Q1 2012 732 633 699
Q2 2012 689   649
Q3 2012 559   516
Q4 2012 404   368
Q1 2013 222 284 185
Q2 2013 94   57
Q3 2013 86   57
Q4 2013 80   58
Q1 2014 110 137 82
Q2 2014 186   152
Q3 2014 247   201
Q4 2014 347   281
Q1 2015 469 405 386
Q2 2015 1,010   907
Q3 2015 1,077   958
Q4 2015 1,163   1,050
Q1 2016 1,156 1,022 1,047
Q2 2016 699   608
Q3 2016 706   584
Q4 2016 639   527
Q1 2017 720 696 624
Q2 2017 688   593
Q3 2017 749   707
Q4 2017 792   740
Q1 2018 704 591 627
Q2 2018 691   550
Q3 2018 591   407
Q4 2018 651   385
Q1 2019 685 878 400
Q2 2019 678   413
Q3 2019 772   495
Q4 2019 718   468
Q1 2020 696 708 440
Q2 2020 598   381
Q3 2020 731   533
Q4 2020 772   591
Q1 2021 840 1,099 635
Q2 2021 1,068   799
Q3 2021 989   694
Q4 2021 924   6

Table: Relationship between EPCs – Ashford local authority (data for fig 11)

Local planning authority results

We have replicated the earlier local authority district analysis for local planning authorities (fig 12, below).

The results are shown opposite with 14 local planning authorities having an advice area covering 99 per cent or more of their recent housing delivery.

Percent of new build EPCs covered by advice area (planning authority)
Fig 12: Per cent of new build EPCs covered by advice area (local planning authority)
Location Per cent of new build EPCs covered by advice area
Darlington 100%
Eastleigh 100%
Fareham 100%
Gosport 100%
Havant 100%
Middlesbrough 100%
Norwich 100%
Portsmouth 100%
Southampton 100%
Stockton-on-Tees 100%
Test Valley 100%
Winchester 100%
Hartlepool 100%
Eden 100%
New Forest National Park 98%
Isle of Wight 98%
New Forest 95%
South Somerset 95%
Somerset West and Taunton 93%
Broadland 92%
Carlisle 91%
Ashford 70%
Redcar and Cleveland 69%
Mendip 69%
South Norfolk 65%
Chichester 56%
The Broads Authority 52%
Canterbury 48%
North Norfolk 48%
Wiltshire 42%
Lake District National Park 39%
North West Leicestershire 38%
High Peak 37%
Sedgemoor 35%
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole 32%
Dorset 32%
South Lakeland 32%
Herefordshire, County of 30%
Great Yarmouth 24%
Breckland 22%
East Hampshire 18%
County Durham 16%
Folkestone and Hythe 16%
West Berkshire 15%
Hambleton 15%
Basingstoke and Deane 12%
Richmondshire 11%
South Downs National Park 11%
Yorkshire Dales National Park 7%
East Devon 7%
Cornwall 7%
South Derbyshire 7%
Peak District National Park 3%
Lichfield 3%
Allerdale 2%
Shropshire 1%
Maidstone 1%
Northumberland 1%
Copeland 1%
North York Moors National Park 1%
King's Lynn and West Norfolk 1%
East Riding of Yorkshire 1%
Cheshire West and Chester 0%
Hinckley and Bosworth 0%
Malvern Hills 0%
Cheshire East 0%

Table: Per cent of new build EPCs covered by advice area – local planning authority (data for fig 12)

This chart below (fig 13) shows the underlying data used to calculate the percentage data shown above.

Average new build EPCs per year (local planning authority)
Fig 13: Average new build EPCs per year (local planning authority)
Location Not covered by catchments Covered by catchments
Darlington 0 515
Eastleigh 0 910
Fareham 0 169
Gosport 0 137
Havant 0 328
Middlesbrough 0 478
Norwich 0 409
Portsmouth 0 253
Southampton 0 529
Stockton-on-Tees 0 725
Test Valley 0 854
Winchester 0 717
Hartlepool 0 212
Eden 1 293
New Forest National Park 1 41
Isle of Wight 9 362
New Forest 13 254
South Somerset 41 760
Somerset West and Taunton 36 457
Broadland 44 533
Carlisle 46 451
Ashford 238 543
Redcar and Cleveland 113 245
Mendip 100 217
South Norfolk 271 514
Chichester 241 307
The Broads Authority 4 5
Canterbury 262 244
North Norfolk 229 208
Wiltshire 1,384 987
Lake District National Park 54 34
North West Leicestershire 442 273
High Peak 168 99
Sedgemoor 345 185
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole 701 333
Dorset 939 437
South Lakeland 146 68
Herefordshire, County of 600 261
Great Yarmouth 244 77
Breckland 450 128
East Hampshire 403 91
County Durham 1,383 273
Folkestone and Hythe 300 59
West Berkshire 511 90
Hambleton 472 82
Basingstoke and Deane 1,131 158
Richmondshire 36 5
South Downs National Park 197 24
Yorkshire Dales National Park 38 3
East Devon 841 63
Cornwall 2,611 195
South Derbyshire 942 69
Peak District National Park 48 2
Lichfield 574 16
Allerdale 246 6
Shropshire 1,384 21
Maidstone 1,271 18
Northumberland 1,526 16
Copeland 128 1
North York Moors National Park 68 1
King's Lynn and West Norfolk 514 5
East Riding of Yorkshire 1,477 8
Cheshire West and Chester 1,376 6
Hinckley and Bosworth 262 0
Malvern Hills 490 0
Cheshire East 2,637 1

Table: Average new build EPCs per year – local planning authority (data for fig 13)

Further considerations: Water neutrality

A further consideration is areas impacted by water neutrality. The Sussex North water zone has a ban on new development unless water can be supplied without damaging the ecosystem.

The water zone covers Horsham, Crawley, Mid Sussex, and Chichester. There is a spatial overlap with the Solent nutrient neutrality area but no homes have been delivered in this area.

The water zone covers 99.8 per cent of Horsham’s recent housing delivery, 94.3 per cent of Crawley’s, 10.2 per cent of Mid Sussex, and 9.1 per cent of Chichester’s.

It adds a further 3,900 homes per year.

Average new build EPCs per year (covered by Sussex North WRZ)
Fig 14: Average new build EPCs per year (Sussex North water zone)
Location Not covered Covered by Sussex North WRZ
Horsham 1 751
Crawley 23 376
Mid Sussex 1,034 117
Chichester 599 60

Table: Average new build EPCs per year – Sussex North water zone (data for fig 14)

Example land cover maps

This section includes mapped examples of local authority areas affected by the new guidance in different ways.

  • Category 1: Minimal existing environmental constraints, significant impact from river catchments (e.g. Fareham, Middlesbrough, Broadland).
  • Category 2: Some existing environmental constraints, significant impact from river catchments (e.g. Winchester, Ashford, Eden).
  • Category 3: Significant existing environmental constraints, overlapping with impact from river catchments (e.g. New Forest, West Berkshire, Chichester).

Land cover maps: category 1

Land cover map: Fareham

Fareham is already covered by the Solent catchment with 100 per cent of its recent housing delivery falling within it.

It is also covered by a Habitats Regulations recreational disturbance mitigation strategy – specifically for overwintering birds.

Planning permission for proposals resulting in a net increase in residential units may be permitted where ‘in-combination’ effects of recreation on the Special Protection Areas are demonstrated to be satisfactorily mitigated through the provision of a financial contribution towards the Solent Recreation Mitigation Strategy.

Land cover map: Middlesbrough

Land cover map: Broadland

Land cover maps: category 2

Land cover map: Winchester

Land cover map: Eden

Land cover map: Ashford

Land cover maps: category 3

Land cover map: New Forest

Land cover map: West Berkshire

Land cover map: Chichester